Chicago Teachers’ Federation

Chicago Teachers' Federation records, 1864-1968 (bulk 1897-1968)

Descriptive Inventory for the Collection at the Chicago Historical Society

By Lucy F. West, July 1971

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Main entry: Chicago Teachers’ Federation

Title: Chicago Teachers’ Federation records 1864-1968 (bulk 1897-1968)

Inclusive dates: 1864-1968 (bulk 1897-1968)

Size: 93 document cases (39 linear feet)

2 microfilm reels of selected fragments of autobiography.

A&M Accession number: 1969.0011.

This descriptive inventory includes:

Historical sketch of the CTF,

Biographical sketch of Margaret Haley,

Description of the collection,

Description of some related materials,

List of online catalog headings,

Provenance statement,

Storage designation,

Container list of box/folder numbers and titles.

Historical sketch of the CTF:

The public education system in Chicago dates from the early 1830s when elementary schools were supported in part by public subscription and by the sale of public lands. With the incorporation of the City of Chicago in 1837 control of schools was vested in the Common Council of the city. Administration of the school system was reformed in 1872 when it was delegated to a Board of Education appointed by the Mayor. By 1891-92, the public schools counted 166,895 pupils and 3,520 teachers and principals. Despite the fact that public school teachers shared numerous grievances including low salaries, lack of tenure protection, and absence of a pension system, they did not combine on a citywide basis until the last decade of the nineteenth century.

The Chicago Teachers’ Federation, first and for many decades most important of Chicago teachers’ associations, was formed in the spring of 1897. It was a direct outgrowth of the pension movement of 1894, a loosely-organized, single purpose movement under the leadership of Mrs. Arvilla C. DeLuce, which succeeded in uniting city teachers sufficiently to bring about the adoption of a pension plan in 1895. The plan, supported by small contributions from member teachers, was criticized on a number of grounds, including actuarial. To defend the pension plan, answer its critics, and preserve the benefits, a mass meeting of Chicago public school teachers was called for March 6, 1897. In response to the interest in united action to seek redress of teachers’ grievances manifested at this meeting, a permanent organization, chartered as the Chicago Teachers’ Federation (CTF), was formed.

The Federation’s chief goal in its early years was to elevate the teaching profession through improvement of teachers’ material lot. It collected signatures on petitions calling for a general salary increase and presented them to the Board of Education. Success was almost immediate. In 1898 the Board voted the teachers a pay increase to be added to their salaries in two parts, in 1899 and in 1900. The success of this campaign stimulated the growth of the young CTF which had 2500 members at the end of its first year. At that time, and throughout its history, the Federation’s membership was largely made up of elementary school teachers, most of whom were women. Principals and other administrators were not admitted as members.

Teachers received the stipulated pay increase in 1899. In 1900, however, the Board maintained that it could not afford to pay the promised second salary advance and even rescinded the first raise. The CTF reacted vigorously. Catherine Goggin, a classroom teacher who had been elected president of the organization, planned a program of action to gain public support of the teachers’ cause. The struggle entered a new phase when Margaret A. Haley, a CTF vice-president, overheard a discussion about a newspaper report on corporate tax-dodging. She took the matter before the Federation, suggesting that funds for the salary increase could be obtained by equitable application of existing tax law. Preliminary investigation suggested that the Illinois State Board of Equalization, contrary to state law, allowed public utility companies and other Chicago corporations to pay taxes on tangible assets only, thus avoiding taxes on their capital stock, franchise value, and other intangible assets.

At this point the Federation voted to make Misses Goggin and Haley its financial secretary and business representative respectively and to pay them a salary equal to the maximum then being paid to classroom teachers in Chicago, $87.50 per month. On behalf of the CTF, a suit for a Writ of Mandamus was entered against the Board of Equalization in Miss Goggin’s name. Lower court decisions in favor of the teachers were appealed, and in 1907 the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in favor of the Federation petition resulting in payment of $600,000 in back taxes into the City of Chicago treasury. Further legal action was necessary, however, before Chicago teachers benefited from the suit which they had sponsored. The Board of Education designated its share of the newly-gained funds to be used for expenses other than payment of salaries, and a second suit was required to compel the Board to pay city teachers the full salaries due them.

At the conclusion of these litigations Misses Goggin and Haley offered to resign from their paid positions in the Federation. They were retained, however, by vote of the membership, and each was periodically re-elected to her post as long as she lived. (Miss Goggin died in 1916; Miss Haley in 1939.) Isaiah T. Greenacre, who was retained as attorney for the CTF in its suit against the Board of Equalization, remained the principal legal advisor of the organization until his death in the 1940s.

In 1902, the Chicago Teachers’ Federation, in order to gain broader support for its efforts to secure benefits for classroom teachers, affiliated with the Chicago Federation of Labor. The affiliation was a highly controversial action, raised a storm of public protest, and touched off a vigorous debate within the ranks of the CTF itself. Overcoming the opposition of CTF president Mrs. Ella A. Rowe, who resigned because of the affiliation with the CFL, Margaret Haley prevailed on the membership to support the affiliation decision.

The CTF, realizing that its best hope for bringing about major improvements in teachers’ conditions lay in appointment of sympathetic members to the Board of Education, became active in politics. In 1905 the Federation campaigned effectively in the mayoral campaign of Edward F. Dunne. His election and subsequent appointment of a progressive Board of Education began a period of considerable influence for the CTF and progress for public education in Chicago. The Federation’s success created enemies, however, and in the 1907 election Margaret Haley’s influence at City Hall became a campaign issue. The defeat of Mayor Dunne by Fred A. Busse was also a defeat for the Chicago Teachers’ Federation. During the Busse and succeeding administrations the CTF was no longer consulted about appointees to the school board, and its voice in determining school policy was weakened. The terms of Mayor Busse and his successor Mayor Carter H. Harrison, Jr., were fortunate times for Chicago teachers in one regard, however, for they coincided with the tenure of Ella Flagg Young as Superintendent of Schools, 1907-1915. Mrs. Young, a former teacher and professor of education, was extremely popular with the teaching body.

In 1915 William Hale Thompson was elected to his first term as Chicago mayor. He appointed a school board which, except for one member, was hostile to the Chicago Teachers’ Federation. Under the leadership of its president Jacob M. Loeb, who was strongly opposed to the CTF, the Board passed a rule forbidding teachers to belong to labor unions or to any organization affiliated with trade unions or any organization that had officers, business agents, or other representatives who were not teachers. In July 1916, in a move widely regarded as the first step in implementing the Loeb rule, the Board failed to renew the contracts of 68 Chicago teachers, 38 of whom were CTF members, including all eight of the Federation’s officers. The CTF took the matter to court and simultaneously pressed for legislation to protect teachers from arbitrary dismissal. It also assumed responsibility for supporting those members who had been dropped as teachers in the Chicago school system. In 1917 the state legislature passed the Otis Law, sponsored by and named for Ralph Otis, giving tenure protection to Chicago teachers, and the Board of Education reinstated the CTF members it had dismissed. In the same year, Margaret Haley took the CTF out of the Chicago Federation of Labor. At the time this move was portrayed as a conciliatory gesture, suggested by the CFL to soften the school board’s attitude. It is probable that Miss Haley’s disappointment with the lack of support afforded to the teachers by organized labor following the dismissal of the 68 teachers was also a factor in the decision. Much later (December 3, 1937) Miss Haley stated that the CTF’s disenchantment with the CFL was based on the latter’s support of the entry of the United States into World War I without the voted approval of its members.

The Chicago Teachers’ Federation and Margaret Haley were instrumental in the formation of the American Federation of Teachers, which was organized in 1916 with the CTF as its first local chapter. The following year, however, the Chicago Federation dropped its affiliation with the AFT , completing its break of formal ties with organized labor.

Continuing its efforts to expose tax evaders in the 1920s, the CTF successfully pressed for publication of real estate assessment lists. In January 1928 the Illinois State Tax Commission ordered that the lists be published, and in May 1928 it ordered that a new assessment of all real property in Cook County be undertaken immediately. Unwilling to pay taxes which might be altered by new assessment, many tax payers withheld payments in 1928 and 1929. By the time the new lists were published in 1929, the Great Depression was underway, reducing tax revenues and causing portions of the back taxes to be permanently defaulted. Thus the 1928 triumph for Margaret Haley and the Chicago Teachers’ Federation, by an unfortunate combination of circumstances, exacerbated hardships for Chicago teachers and contributed to the decline and ultimate disbanding of the CTF.

During the resulting “payless paydays,” 1929-1934, when teachers’ salary checks were distributed on schedule on only nine of 46 paydays, and when scrip or tax anticipation warrants were frequently tendered to teachers in lieu of cash, the CTF was active in trying to persuade city, state, and national governments to relieve the teachers’ situation. Margaret Haley strongly opposed payments in scrip and prevailed on many in the teaching body to reject this alternative to cash. Moreover she personally journeyed to Washington, D.C., to press for a Reconstruction Finance Corporation loan to the Chicago school board.

Despite the continuing activity of the CTF on behalf of teacher welfare, Chicago teachers looked increasingly to other organizations for leadership as the frustrations of the 1930s deepened. The Chicago Teachers Union (CTU), an outgrowth of the Volunteer Emergency Committee of 1933, eventually emerged as the most powerful competitor to the CTF. By the end of the decade its influence exceeded that of the CTF, and its membership outnumbered by far that of the pioneer organization. Because of its prestige, the loyalty of its members, and its balanced approach to most policy matters, however, the Federation remained active and influential for many years after it had lost its place as most powerful of the teacher organizations.

Margaret Haley died in 1939 ending a career in the Chicago Teachers’ Federation which had been nearly co-existent with the life of the organization. As a measure of its continuing respect for her leadership, the Federation left the position of Business Representative open for nine years. The functions of the office were filled by Miss Frances M. Kenney, and in 1948 she was formally designated by Miss Haley’s old title. Like her predecessor, Miss Kenney was a forceful leader, a clear and direct thinker, an effective lobbyist, and a tireless advocate of high professional standards and commensurate salaries and benefits for Chicago teachers.

In the 1940s and 1950s, the Federation continued to give great attention to the protection of the pension and to matters relating to it, including Social Security. It operated a credit union which was open to all teachers but was chiefly patronized by CTF members, and it held card parties and other social gatherings for its members. In addition the organization collected files of clippings, articles from education journals, and other material regarding teaching theory and problems, notably those of large class enrollments and discipline problems. It concerned itself directly with school board policy and with the controversial personality of the General Superintendent of Schools Benjamin Willis, and took conservative positions on the “Red Scare“ of the 1950s and on school integration matters.

During the 1960s the CTF, with dwindling membership, waged a vigorous but increasingly hopeless campaign against the designation of the Chicago Teachers Union as sole collective bargaining agent for Chicago teachers. In May 1960 the burgeoning CTU was elected by public school teachers to be their representative in all contract negotiations. The demise of the CTF followed quickly. Frances Kenney died in 1968, ending the long Federation tradition of strong, one-woman leadership from the office of Business Representative. The CTF, as a final service to its members, arranged for its credit union to merge with the Downtown Chicago Credit Union. Following this action, the Chicago Teachers’ Federation disbanded in the same year as Miss Kenney’s death.

Robert L. Reid’s 1965 Northwestern University doctoral dissertation, “The Professionalization of Public School Teachers: The Chicago Experience, 1895-1920,” is a very useful study of the early history of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation. Helpful works on the activities of the CTF during the 1930s are Penny Jean Lipkin’s Columbia University 1967 Master’s thesis, “Payless Paydays: Financial Crisis of the Chicago Board of Education,” and Emma Levitt’s “The Activities of Local Teacher Organizations in Chicago Since 1929,” a 1936 University of Chicago Department of Education thesis.

Biographical sketch of Margaret A. Haley (1861-1919):

Margaret Angela Haley, a founder and long-time Business Representative of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation, was born in Joliet, Illinois, on November 15, 1861. She was the second of eight children of Michael Haley, a stone quarry and construction firm operator. Margaret attended grade school in Channahon, Illinois, and completed the high school course at St. Angela’s Convent in Morris, Illinois.

At the age of sixteen Margaret Haley entered the teaching profession. She taught for one year in a country school in Dresden, Illinois, and for two years at Joliet Grade School. Convinced of the need for teachers to have professional training, she studied for a year at State Normal in Bloomington, Illinois, and later for one term at Cook County Normal School, where she was greatly influenced by the philosophy of its principal, Colonel Francis W. Parker. In 1883 she was assigned to the Lewis School in Chicago. The following year she was transferred to the Hendricks Elementary School where she served as a sixth grade teacher until 1900, when she left the classroom permanently to act as a full time officer of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation.

Reminiscing about her public career during a period of semi-retirement near the end of her life, Miss Haley characterized it as a “battleground,” a term suggestive both of her feisty personality and of her involvement in numerous political and professional controversies during four decades. Prominent among these were the “teachers’ tax case,” begun in 1900; her fight to gain a voice for classroom teachers and for women in the National Education Association at the 1903 convention and later; the CTF and Miss Haley’s controversy with the Board of Education regarding the “Loeb Rule” 1915; her libel suit against the Chicago Tribune 1916; and the tax re-assessment program in Chicago and Cook County in 1928 and 1929.

The “teachers’ tax case” changed Margaret Haley from a classroom teacher into an officer and employee of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation and brought her national prominence as a spokesman for teachers’ welfare. She was invited to lecture across the nation and to advise other professional organizations. She became active in the feminist movement and the Public Ownership League; she supported proponents of the single tax, initiative and referendum, and other progressive measures. An effective lobbyist, relentless investigator, and fearless publicist of corruption, collusion, and inefficiency, she had a keen insight into the relationship between honest administration of public office and the availability of funds for public welfare. She represented, as one commentator put it, “the association between education, especially public school education, and political consciousness.”

Miss Haley’s concern for the welfare of individual classroom teachers led her into conflict with the leadership of the National Education Association (NEA) soon after she became Business Representative of the CTF. Dominated by school administrators and college professors, the NEA at the turn of the century seemed elitist and anti-feminist to Miss Haley. Nomination and election procedures were undemocratic, and women were not permitted to speak from the convention floor. In 1903 Miss Haley attacked these policies, opposing the wishes of NEA officers Nicholas Murray Butler and Charles Eliot. With the National Federation of Teachers, which she had organized as a strategic move to provide a disciplined force within the NEA, she forced a revision of nominating procedures. In 1910 she worked successfully to bring about the election of Chicago educator Ella Flagg Young as president of the National Education Association and she was instrumental in creating the Department of Classroom Teachers within the organization. The style and drama of Miss Haley’s confrontation with the NEA establishment further enhanced her national reputation as a leading figure among classroom teachers.

Miss Haley’s public career brought her not only supporters but critics as well. None was more persistent than the Chicago Tribune. Critical editorial comment in the Tribune frequently inspired retorts from Miss Haley in speeches and public meetings. In 1916 she was provoked to stronger action by a Tribune news story stating that she had received salaries simultaneously from the Board of Education and from the CTF during her early years with the Federation. She sued the Tribune for libel, proved the charge to be false, and had the great satisfaction of winning a small settlement.

The main impact of Margaret A. Haley’s career was neither on the national scope of NEA reform nor the individual level of the Tribune suit, but locally as leader of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation. As Business Representative, she lobbied on behalf of teacher welfare in the Illinois State Legislature, testified before the City Council, and exhorted the Chicago Board of Education to protect the interests of the teaching body. Tenure policy was a matter of continuing concern to the CTF and Miss Haley, as were salary scales, retirement programs, classroom enrollments, and other public education matters. Margaret Haley was always attentive to the lease and sale of school lands, for there was a risk that they would be disposed of disadvantageously by officials influenced by considerations other than the welfare of the public school system.

In matters such as the Loeb rule controversy and the tax re-assessment struggle, CTF history and Margaret Haley’s biography coincide. Business Representative Haley virtually dictated policy and stance of the Federation, particularly after Catherine Goggin’s death in 1916. She used the Chicago Teachers’ Federation Bulletin (1901-1908) and Margaret Haley’s Bulletin (1913-1916 and 1925-1930) as organs to voice her position on professional and political matters. She dominated almost completely any CTF meeting which she attended, and her appearance at a Federation gathering invariably touched off applause. During her lifetime no dissenting group ever successfully challenged her authority; even after her death her ideas continued to dominate the organization. It should be pointed out, however, that she held her position by virtue of periodic re-election and that the loyalty of Federation members to her and to her policies was almost total.

Margaret Haley spent her last years in semi-retirement, reviving an earlier effort to dictate an autobiographical history of the CTF. She died of a heart attack in Englewood Hospital on January 5, 1939, at the age of 77. She was survived by a sister, Mrs. Jane A. O’Reilly of Madison, Wisconsin, and a brother, James Haley. Following a funeral service in St. Bernard’s Catholic Church in Chicago, she was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Joliet, Illinois. In 1947, St. Margaret Church in Big Lake, Texas, which had been raised as a memorial to Margaret Haley by members and friends of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation, was dedicated.

Useful sources of biographical information regarding Margaret Haley include Robert L. Reid’s “The Professionalization of Public School Teachers: The Chicago Experience, 1895-1920,” cited above, and Mrs. Louise C. Wade’s biographical sketch of Miss Haley in the Dictionary of Notable American Women.

Description of the collection:

Correspondence, minutes of meetings 1898-1966 (incomplete 1906-1920), reports, excerpts of court transcripts, newsclippings, pamphlets, speeches, and other records, primarily on subjects of interest to teachers. Includes material on the Federation's relationship with organized labor and its membership in the Chicago Federation of Labor (1902-1917); salaries, pensions, tenure protection, educational theory and practice, classroom conditions, discipline problems, double shifts for students, the junior high school system, personnel and policies of the Chicago Board of Education, school legislation, and tax matters; and local, state, and national teachers'' organizations, particularly the National Education Association and the Chicago Teachers Union. Correspondents include Margaret A. Haley, CTF business representative; Catherine Goggin, CTF financial secretary; Frances Dorney M. Kenney, CTF business representative; and Ella Flagg Young, Chicago educator.

Includes several versions of an unpublished autobiography by Margaret A. Haley, who served as business representative and principal spokesman of the CTF, 1900-1939. The microfilm of fragments of the autobiography lacks many segments and probably does not contain the last version.

Unfortunately the bulk of correspondence by Federation officers Margaret Haley, Catherine Goggin, and Frances Kenney has not survived. Financial information pertaining to the organization is limited mostly to fund raising matters and mimeographed appeals for dues payments. There are few membership records in the collection.

The collection is divided into three main lots of materials:

Series 1. Minutes of CTF Meetings, 1898-1966 (Boxes 1-31);

Series 2. Margaret A. Haley’s unpublished autobiography (dictated 1910, 1911, 1929, 1934 & 1935) (Boxes 32-34);

Series 3. General records of the CTF, 1864-1968 (Boxes 35-93).

Series 1. Minutes of CTF Meetings, 1898-1966 (incomplete 1906-1920)

This series contains minutes of Chicago Teachers’ Federation meetings. Minutes vary from brief handwritten summaries to lengthy typewritten verbatim reports prepared by a professional stenographer. Minutes of meetings from May 28, 1898, through September 11, 1906, consist of the organization secretary’s manuscript reports, which are limited to skeletal accounts of proceedings with no substantive record of debate or votes. From 1906 to 1920, an active period in CTU history, the extant minutes are not complete and not verbatim recordings of the proceedings. Beginning in 1920, there are typed stenographic reports of special mass meetings of the Federation, and from June 1921 until 1954, verbatim minutes of regular CTF meetings are present. The remainder of the minutes consists of manuscript reports by the Federation secretary of meetings from September 1956 through June 1966. A stenographic report of the Chicago Teachers Union’s first anniversary meeting on October 20, 1938, is also present.

Meetings of the CTF were devoted chiefly to the on-going business of the organization, much of which was of a routine nature. Miss Haley dominated sessions at which she was present with reports of her lobbying and other activities, her recommendations and exhortations to the teachers, and her reminiscences. Election of officers, amendments to the constitution, debate and occasional dissent within the organization were recorded. There were frequently guest speakers or special reports. Useful information regarding political positions and activities of the Federation, including recommendation and evaluation of candidates for election to state and local office, is present. In addition there is considerable discussion of topics of particular interest to the teaching body, notably teacher welfare matters, education theories and practices, school administration policies, etc.

Generally speaking, the minutes from the 1920s are the most informative of the lot. Topics widely discussed include sale of school land, salaries, overcrowding in schools and the platoon system, pensions, tax laws, merit pay, sick leave policies, teacher examinations, accreditation policies, Sabbatical leave regulations, and other related subjects. There is considerable information regarding the political activity of the Federation during the period, including detailed discussions of the qualifications of candidates for elective office. Material regarding the CTF’s opposition to a proposed increase in taxes to cover a salary increase and its position that a general reassessment of real estate should be ordered, is present during the first half of 1925.

In the 1930s’ discussion at CTF meetings, as recorded in the Minutes, naturally centered around questions of salary and pay, script, taxes, protest measures, and CTF and other efforts to secure funds to pay teachers. At the May 19, 1934 meeting, there was considerable discussion of a proposed requirement of loyalty oaths from teachers. Teacher welfare matters continued to be discussed, and the activities of rival teacher organizations were occasionally mentioned.

Minutes of meetings in the 1940s were mainly concerned with questions of salaries, pensions, and the CTF credit union, with social security appearing as an important new topic. In the 1930s discussion of the same general nature, but of less substance, continued. Increasingly the attention of the Federation was directed toward the arrangement of card parties and other social events, the operation of its credit union and the safeguarding of the pension. There is little detailed information in the manuscript minutes of the late 1950s and 1960s.

Series 2. Margaret A. Haley’s Autobiographical Drafts, 1910-1935

Margaret A. Haley, on four separate occasions between 1910 and 1935, dictated memoirs of important events in which she had been involved. Typed copies of these reminiscences are present in Boxes 32-34. Originally intended as segments of a projected autobiographical history of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation, the drafts were never combined and edited into one manuscript. Included along with these memoirs are a folder of sundry items pertaining to Miss Haley’s libel suit against the Chicago Tribune in 1916 and her twenty-one page statement entitled “Correction of Statement by Jane Addams about Salary Suit.” The later is undated but was apparently prompted by the publication of the 1932 edition of Twenty Years at Hull-House.

The first installation of Miss Haley’s autobiography was dictated in 1910 at Bay Lodge, Massachusetts. It includes her account of the background and early events of the “teachers’ tax case.” A second segment, dictated the following year in Seattle, Washington, contains a continuation of the history of the tax case. This version, which is accompanied by an index, also recounts Miss Haley’s memories of the 1903 National Education Association Convention, in which she led a reform movement, and describes the Board of Education appointed by Mayor Dunne, including Jane Addams’ role in it.

A third major segment of the autobiography, dictated in June 1929, and entitled “Re-assessment,” treats Miss Haley’s activities in the 1920s, notably her efforts to force a re-assessment of real property in Cook County. In 1934-1935, Miss Haley resumed work on her memoirs, this time while visiting in Palos Verdes, California. This version repeats much of the information in the previous one regarding the 1928-1930 re-assessment debacle and also includes an account of the election of Ella Flagg Young to the National Education Association presidency in 1910.

The various installations of Miss Haley’s memoirs contain almost nothing on the first forty years of her life. They also do not provide a complete and coherent account of her public career. They do afford valuable information regarding several major events in her leadership of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation. The earlier versions seem to be more factually reliable than Miss Haley’s later reminiscences. Her final effort, dictated when she was in her 70s, seems the least useful. It is disorganized to the point of obscurity.

An effort to publish Miss Haley’s autobiography in 1937 failed. The autobiography published in 1982 seems consistent with much of the manuscript material in this collection but not identical. Therefore, researchers are cautioned that the manuscript fragments from the collection that were microfilmed in 1974 may be difficult to match to the published autobiography. Not all materials in the three boxes appear in the microfilm. Notes have been placed in all folders of Boxes 32-34 to indicate which materials appear in the film and which do not.

Series 3. CTF records, 1864-1968 (Boxes 35-93)

The general records of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation consist of 58 document cases of sundry material, 1864-1968 (chiefly 1898-1966), including correspondence; mimeographed, printed and typed reports and resource material on topics of interest to teachers; excerpts of court transcripts from cases in which the CTF had a strong interest; clippings, pamphlets, speeches, and other miscellaneous matter collected for the organizations’ files. Correspondence, which includes both incoming and outgoing mail, is random and miscellaneous. There is virtually no running correspondence with important educational or political figures, and apparently only a fraction of the Federation’s correspondence over the years has survived.

Topics of continuing or recurring interest in the collection include taxation; legislation regarding public education and finances; teacher welfare matters such as pensions, tenure, salaries, holiday and leave policies, and classroom conditions; School Board policies and personnel; and education theory and practice. Material on these and other topics of interest is scattered throughout the general papers of the collection. A considerable amount of correspondence, clippings, printed matter, etc. regarding local and state teachers’ organizations and a moderate amount of material concerning national associations such as the National Education Association, the American Federation of Teachers, and the National Federation of Teachers is dispersed throughout the CTF General Papers. In addition there is one box (Box 44) of material, 1914-1922, of the National League of Teachers’ Associations.

The earliest portion of the papers (1864-1899) consists of source material on financial and banking matters, some historical pieces concerning the formation of the CTF and the 1894 pension movement, and records concerning taxation and assessment policy, plus twenty-four pieces of Catherine Goggin’s correspondence (1865-1900) regarding personal and Federation matters. Correspondence, booklets, speeches, etc pertaining to the 1900 teaches’ tax case and reaction from across the nation to the Federations success form the bulk of material in Boxes 35-38.

The CTF General Papers include sizeable concentrations of material on the following topics of note: the National Education Association and Margaret Haley’s role in leading a reform movement within it (Boxes 38-40 and 49); the Loeb rule controversy (Boxes 43 and 45); Margaret Haley’s libel suit against the Chicago Tribune (Box 46); the “payless days” and reactions by individuals and organizations to the failure to pay Chicago teachers (Boxes 60-67); and the CTF’s fight against designation of the Chicago Teachers Union as sole collective bargaining agent for all Chicago teachers (Boxes 89 and 91). During the late 1930s, the 1940s and 1950s, there is a considerable amount of information regarding the Chicago Teachers Union, and other local teacher organizations, including reports of meetings and mimeographed and printed material by and about these organizations.

The records of the CTF also provide lesser amounts of material on the following: vocational education (Box 47); Public Ownership movements (Boxes 47 and 49); the proposed Illinois Constitution of 1922 (Box 50); double shifts for students and the junior high school system (Box 70); Chicago Teachers Union strikes and strike threats (Boxes 90 and 92); integration of Chicago schools, including a 75 page June 23, 1954, Board of Education report on the implementation of the Hauser Report regarding public school integration (Box 89); and the Jenner School boycott by students and teachers protesting the actions of school principal Mildred Chuchut (Box 91).

Box 71 includes clippings, memorials, resolutions of sympathy, etc. regarding the death of Margaret A. Haley.

Considerable material consisting mainly of clippings and a slight amount of correspondence regarding Superintendent of Schools William McAndrews is present in Boxes 55-57; a similar lot pertaining to Benjamin C. Willis is to be found in Boxes 83 and 88-90.

The collection contains a number of items of the National League of Teachers’ Associations, 1914-1922, in Box 44. These include abstracts of the minutes of its conventions and executive board meetings; a folder of 1917 form letters of NLT president Frances Harden; a 1915-1917 account book and three 1914-1915 NLT pamphlets.

The Chicago Federation of Labor is discussed particularly in materials with these dates::

1902 Oct. 16

1904 Mar. 15; Nov. 15, 26

1905 May 26

1906 Mar. 18; Apr. 4; Dec. 2

1907 Jan. 5

1909 May 17

1913 Apr. 22; May 13; June 16; Oct. 1; Dec. 24; undated

1914 May 11, 29; June 17, 19; Sept. 11

1915 Sept. 8, 15, 16, 21; Oct. 2, 13 (2 items); Dec. 7

1916 Mar. 8, 19; July 2; Sept. 19; Oct. 16

1917 Mar. 24; Apr. 21, 25, 28; May 4, 20, 21 (2 items)

1918 Oct. 18; Nov. 17

1920 Apr. 20

1922 Nov. 21

1927 Feb. 18

1928 Mar. 2

1937 Oct. 28.

Materials about women and/or feminism include items with these dates:

1904 Aug. 30; Oct. 19; Dec. 6

1908 Jan. 3

1910 Nov. 21; undated (Constitution of the Women’s Suffrage Party of the City of Chicago); numerous items relative to the election of Ella Flagg Young as president of the National Education Association (Boxes 40-41)

1912 Aug. 28

1913 Feb. 1; May 17.

Materials of the following dates about women and/or feminism were photocopied and the copies filed in Box 93:

1914 Jan. 2, 3 (2 items), 7, 17, (2 items), 27, 30; Feb. 4, 10, 18; Mar. 21,25 (2 items); Apr. 2, 8, 10, 11, 12, 16, 22, 24 (2 items); 28, 29; May 3, 7, 12; July 1, 21; Aug. 8, 17, 21 (2 items); Sept. 10, 14, 22; Oct. 2, 15, 19, 29 (3 items); Dec. 10, 18; undated (2 items)

1916 Oct. 14, 28, 31; Nov. 1, 6

1917 May 25

1918 Oct. 21; Dec. 1

1919 Jan. 15

1920 Oct. 7

1923 Nov. 23

1930 Mar. 20 (Box 11)

1933 Feb. 25

1948 November.

List of related collections:

Related materials at Chicago History Museum, Research Center, include a CTF scrapbook donated by the Chicago Teachers Union and the Chicago Teachers Union records.

List of online catalog headings:

The following main, subject and added headings were made for the card catalog:

(Main Entry) Chicago Teachers’ Federation.

Subject entries:

Chicago Teachers’ Federation

Haley, Margaret Angela, 1861-1939.

Addams, Jane, 1860-1935.

Butler, Nicholas Murray, 1862-1947. (s)

Cermak, Anton Joseph, 1873-1933.

Daley, Richard Joseph, 1902-

Darrow, Clarence Seward, 1857-1938.

DeLuce, Arvilla C.

Dever, William Emmett, 1862-1929.

Dickerson, Earl Burros, 1891-

Dickinson, Frances, 1856-1945.

Dodd, William Edward, 1869-1940.

Douglas, Paul Howard, 1892-

Dunne, Edward Fitzsimons, 1853-1937.

Fitzpatrick, John, 1872-1946.

Goggin, Catherine, 1856?-1916.

Gompers, Samuel, 1850-1924.

Harrison, Carter Henry, Jr., 1860-1953.

Herstein, Lillian, 1886j-

Horner, Henry, 1879-1940.

Ickes, Harold LeClair, 1874-1952.

Kenney, Frances Dorney M 1894?-1968.

Kerner, Otto F. 1884-1952.

LaFollette, Robert Marion, 1855-1925.

Loeb, Jacob M. (Jacob Moritz), 1875-1944.

McDowell, Mary Eliza, 1854-1936.

Olander, Victor A., 1873-1949.

Richberg, Donald R. (Donald Randall), 1881-1960.

Robins, Margaret Dreier, 1868-1945.

Robins, Raymond, 1873-1954.

Shriver, Sargent, 1915-

Simms, Ruth Hanna McCormick, 1880-1944.(s)

Taylor, Lea Demarest, 1883-

Thompson, Car Dean, 1870-1949.

Thompson, William Hale, 1869-1944.(s)

Vittum, Harriet E. 1872-1953.

Walker, John H., 1875-1955.

Young, Ella Flagg, 1845-1918.

American Federation of Teachers.

Chicago Federation of Labor.

National Education Association.

African Americans--Education--Illinois--Chicago.

Depression--1929--United States.

Education--Finance--Illinois--Chicago.

Irish Americans--Illinois--Chicago.

Leopold andLoeb trial, Chicago, Ill., 1924.

Loyalty oaths--Illinois--Chicago.

Public schools--Administration--Illinois--Chicago.

Teachers--Illinois--Chicago.

Teachers--United States.

Trade unions.

Teachers' unions--Illinois--Chicago--19th century.

Teachers' unions--Illinois--Chicago--20th century.

School lands--Illinois--Chicago.

Women--Illinois--Chicago.

Chicago (Ill.)--Economic conditions--1875-1950.

Added entries:

Addams, Jane, 1860-1935.

Cermak, Anton Joseph, 1873-1933.

Daley, Richard J, 1902-1978.

Darrow, Clarence Seward, 1857-1938.

DeLuce, Arvilla C.

Dever, William E. (William Emmett), 1862-1929.

Dickerson, Earl Burros, 1891-

Dickinson, Frances, 1856-1945.

Dodd, William Edward, 1869-1940.

Douglas, Paul Howard, 1892-

Dunne, Edward Fitzsimons, 1853-1937.

Fitzpatrick, John, 1872-1946.

Foster, Albon L., d. 1968.

Gaines, Irene (McCoy), 1896?-1964.

Goggin, Catherine, 1856?-1916.

Gompers, Samuel, 1850-1924.

Haley, Margaret Angela, 1861-1939.

Harrison, Carter Henry, Jr., 1860-1953.

Herstein, Lillian, 1886j-

Horner, Henry, 1879-1940.

Ickes, Harold LeClair, 1874-1952.

Kenney, Frances Dorney M 1894?-1968.

Kerner, Otto F. 1884-1952.

LaFollette, Robert Marion, 1855-1925.

McDowell, Mary Eliza, 1854-1936.

Olander, Victor A., 1873-1949.

Richberg, Donald R. (Donald Randall), 1881-1960.

Robins, Margaret (Dreier), 1868-1945.

Robins, Raymond, 1873-1954.

Shriver, Robert Sargent, 1915-

Taylor, Lea Demarest, 1883-

Thompson, Car Dean, 1870-1949.

Vittum, Harriet E. 1872-1953.

Walker, John H. 1875-1955.

Young, Ella Flagg, 1845-1918.

American Federation of Teachers.

National Education Association.

Chicago Federation of Labor.

Provenance statement:

These records were a gift of the Chicago Teachers’ Federation in April 1969.

(A&M accession number:1969.0011)

Storage designation:

Collections: Chicago Teachers’ Federation

Microfilm (Negative): Haley, Margaret

This inventory by:

Lucy F. West

July 1971

Container list of box/folder numbers and titles:

box 1

items:

Processor’s notes

Review of Joan K. Smith’s biography, Ella Flagg Young: Portrait of a Leader

Retirement in education: the economic and social functions of the teachers’ pension, by William Graebner

Historical data

Series1. Minutes, 1898-1968 (box 1-31)

box 1 continued:

folders:

Minutes of meetings (including some meetings of the Board of Managers)

1 Minutes

2 Minutes May 28, 1898-June 24, 1899 (1 vol.)

3 Minutes Sept. 30, 1899-July 2, 1902 (1 vol.)

4 Minutes Sept. 13, 1918-Sept. 1906 (1 vol.)

5 Minutes Feb. 16, 1918

6 Minutes Apr. 13, 1918

7 Minutes Feb. 4, 1920

8 Minutes Feb. 19, 1920

Box 2 Minutes May 14, 1921-Oct. 16, 1923

box3 Minutes Nov. 23, 1923-June 19, 1924

box4 Minutes Sept. 13, 1924-Jan. 17, 1925

box5 Minutes Feb. 5-Sept. 11, 1925

box6 Minutes Sept. 19 1925-Sept. 18, 1926

box7 Minutes Nov. 13, 1926-May 14, 1927

box8 Minutes June 2, 1927-Sept. 14, 1928

box9 Minutes Oct. 27, 1928-Feb. 16, 1929

box10 Minutes Mar. 16, 1929-Mar. 16, 1930

box11 Minutes Mar. 20-Dec. 6, 1930

box12 Minutes Jan. 17-Aug. 4, 1931

box13 Minutes Aug. 13-Dec. 30, 1931

box14 Minutes Jan. 9-May 16, 1932

box15 Minutes May 27, 1932-Jan. 10, 1933

box16 Minutes Jan. 14-July 18, 1933

box17 Minutes Aug. 10, 1913-Mar. 17, 1934

box18 Minutes Apr. 14, 1934-June 1, 1935

box19 Minutes Sept. 21, 1935-Mar. 19, 1936

box20 Minutes Apr. 15, 1936-Dec. 10, 1937

box21 Minutes Jan. 15-Nov. 5, 1938

box22 Minutes Jan. 14-Oct. 27, 1939

box23 Minutes Nov. 21, 1939-Dec. 7, 1940; Mar. 9, 1940-Nov. 13, 1943 (1 vol.)

box24 Minutes Jan. 18-Nov. 8, 1941; (Bd. Of Managers) Mar. 15, 1940-Feb. 4 1943 (1 vol.)

box25 Minutes Dec. 6, 1941-Apr. 10, 1943

box26 Minutes May 5-Dec. 11, 1943

(Bd. of Managers) Minutes Feb. 18, 1943-Mar. 21, 1946 (1 vol.)

(Secretary’s notes) Minutes Dec. 11, 1943-June 14, 1956 (1 vol.)

box27 Minutes Jan. 15-Dec. 9, 1944

box28 Minutes Jan. 13-Dec. 8, 1945

(Bd. of Directors) Minutes Apr. 4, 1946-Sept. 13, 1956 (1 vol.)

box29 Minutes Jan. 19, 1946-May 16, 1948

box30 Minutes June 12, 1948-Dec. 9, 1950

box31 Minutes Jan. 15, 1951-June 20, 1966

Series 2. Autobiography of Margaret Haley, 1910-1935 (Boxes 32-34)

box32

folders:

1 Autobiography 1910

2 Original copy Dec. 27, 1911-Feb. 13, 1912

3 Carbon copy Dec. 27, 1911

4 Miscellaneous notes

5 “Reassessment,” dictated copy July 24-31, 1929

box33

folders:

1 Transcribed notes 1934

2 Tax story 1910

3 Tribune Libel Suit 1900-18

4 Manuscript 1935

5 Miscellaneous 1935

box34

folders:

1-4 Autobiography 1935

5-7 Autobiography draft 1935

Also stored separately: microfilm negative made in August 1974 by the Great Lakes Microfilm Company for Marjorie Murphy (2 reels of negative film; 1,895 exposures) contains selected fragments from the 3 boxes of the autobiography. Notes in Boxes 32-34 indicate which materials appear in the film and which do not.

Series 3. CTF records

box35

folders:

1 Correspondence 1868-1899

2 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1900

3 Correspondence May-Oct. 1900

4 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1900, undated 1900

5 Central Council of Education 1898-1901

6 Central Council of Education 1898-1902

Miscellaneous legal documents, photocopied

box36

folders:

1 Correspondence Jan.-May 1901

2 Correspondence June-Aug. 1901

3 Correspondence Sept.-Dec. 1901]

4 Correspondence Jan.-May 1902

5 Correspondence June-Dec. 1902

box37

1 National Federation of Teachers 1902-04

2 Taxation Petitions and related data 1902

3 Correspondence Jan.-July 1903

4 Correspondence Aug.-Dec. 1903

5 Correspondence Jan.-Mar. 1904

box38

1 Correspondence Mar. 3-4, 1904

2 Correspondence Mar. 5-Aug. 1904

3 Correspondence Sept.-Dec. 1904

4 Correspondence Jan.-Nov. 1905

5 Correspondence Dec. 1905, undated 1905

box39

1 Correspondence Jan.-Oct. 1906

2 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1906, undated 1906

3-4 Correspondence undated 1906

5 Correspondence Jan.-May 1907

6 Correspondence June-Dec. 1907

7 Correspondence 1908

box40

1 Correspondence 1909

2 Correspondence Jan.-June 1910

3 Correspondence July-Sept. 1910

4 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1910

5-6 Correspondence undated through 1910

box41

1 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1911

2 Correspondence May-Dec. 1911, undated 1911

3 Correspondence Jan.-Aug. 1912

4 Correspondence Sept.-Dec. 1912

5 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 13, 1913

6 Correspondence Apr. 14-Sept. 1913

box42

1 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1913

2 Correspondence Jan.-Feb. 1914

3 Correspondence Mar.-June 1914

4 Correspondence July-Sept. 1914

5 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1914

box43

1 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1915

2 Correspondence May-June 1915

3 Correspondence July-Sept. 1915

4 Correspondence Oct. 1915

5 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1915

box44 League of Teachers’ Association:

1-4 Yearbooks, 1914-15, 1915-16, 1916-17

Minutes of meetings 1914-18 (1 vol.)

Vouchers 1915-16

box45

1 Correspondence Jan.-May 1916

2 Correspondence June 1916

3 Correspondence July-Oct. 1916

4 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1916

5 Correspondence undated 1916

box46

1 Correspondence Jan.-May 1916

2 Correspondence June 1916

3 Correspondence July-Oct. 1916

4 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1916

5 Correspondence; Court transcript June 15, 1918 Margaret Haley vs. Chicago Tribune

box47

1 Correspondence July-Dec. 1918

2 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1919

3 Correspondence May-Oct. 1919

4 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1919

5 Correspondence undated 1911-19

6 Correspondence Jan.-May 1920

box48

1 Correspondence June 1920

2 Correspondence June-Aug. 1920

3 Correspondence Sept.-Dec. 1920

4 Correspondence Jan.-July 1921

5 Correspondence Aug.-Oct. 1921

box49

1 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1921

2 Correspondence Jan. 1922

3 Correspondence Feb.-Mar. 1922

4 Correspondence Apr.–June 1922

5 Correspondence July-Aug. 1922

box50

1 Correspondence Sept.-Oct. 1922

2 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1922

3 Correspondence undated 1922

4 Correspondence Jan.-Feb. 1923

5 Correspondence Mar. 1923

box51

1 Correspondence Apr.-May 1923

2 Correspondence June-July 29, 1923

3 Correspondence July 30-Nov. 1923

4 Correspondence Dec. and undated 1923

5 Correspondence Jan. 1924

box52

1 Correspondence Feb.-Apr. 1924

2 Correspondence May 1924

3 Correspondence June-Aug. 1924

4 Correspondence Sept.-Oct. 1924

5 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. and undated 1924

box53

1 Correspondence Jan.-June 1925

2 Correspondence July-Dec. 13, 1925

3 Correspondence Dec. 14-31 and undated 1925

4 Correspondence Jan.-Sept. 1926

box54

1 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1926

2 Correspondence Dec. 1926

3 Correspondence Jan.-Mar. 1927

4 Correspondence Apr.-Aug. 18, 1927

box55

1 Correspondence Aug. 19-23, 1927

2 Correspondence Aug. 24-31, 1927

3 Correspondence Sept.-Dec. 1927

4 Correspondence Jan.-Mar. 1928

box56

1 Correspondence Apr.-Aug. 1928

2 Correspondence Sept.-Dec. 1928

3 Correspondence Jan. 1929

4 Correspondence Feb. 1929

5 Correspondence Mar.-May 1929

box57

Court transcript, William McAndrew vs. Board of Education

1 Correspondence June-Sept. 1929

2 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 18, 1929

3 Correspondence Dec. 19-31 and undated 1929

4 Correspondence undated 1920-29

box58

1 Correspondence undated 1920-29

2 Correspondence Jan.-Mar. 1930

3 Correspondence May 1930 (April missing)

4 Correspondence July 1-15, 1930

box59

1 Correspondence July 16-Sept. 1930

2 Correspondence Oct.-Nov. 1930

3 Correspondence Dec. 1930

4 Correspondence undated 1930

5 Correspondence Jan. 1931

box60

1 Correspondence Feb.-Apr. 1931

2 Correspondence May-July 1931

3 Correspondence Aug.-Sept. 21, 1931

4 Correspondence Sept. 22-27, 1931

5 Correspondence Sept. 28-30, 1931

box61

1 Correspondence Oct. 1-5, 1931

2 Correspondence Oct. 5-19, 1931

3 Correspondence Oct. 20-31, 1931

4 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1931

5 Correspondence undated 1931

box62

1 Correspondence Jan. 1932

2 Correspondence Feb. 1932

3 Correspondence Mar. 1-21, 1932

4 Correspondence Mar. 21-24, 1932

5 Correspondence Mar.24-31, 1932

box63

1 Correspondence Apr.-May 1932

2 Correspondence June 1932

3 Correspondence July-Sept. 1932

4 Correspondence Oct. 1-21, 1932

5 Correspondence Oct. 22-Nov. 20, 1932

box64

1 Legal opinions on assessments & revenues, Mar.. 10, 1932-Sept. 1, 1934, by Hayden N. Bell

2 Correspondence Nov. 21-Dec. 13, 1932

3 Correspondence Dec. 14-31, undated 1932

4 Correspondence Jan.1-15, 1933

box65

1 Correspondence Jan. 16-Mar. 1933

2 Correspondence Apr. 1933

3 Correspondence May 1933

4 Correspondence June-July 1933

5 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1933

box66

1 Correspondence Aug. 16-21, 1933

2 Correspondence Aug. 22-31, 1933

3 Correspondence Sept. 1933

4 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1933

box67

1 Correspondence Dec. 1933

2 Correspondence undated 1933

3 Correspondence Jan.-Feb. 9, 1934

4 Correspondence Feb. 10-28, 1934

5 Correspondence Mar. 1934

6 Correspondence Apr. 1934

box68

1 Correspondence May 1934

2 Correspondence June-Dec. 1934

3 Correspondence Jan.-Sept. 1935

4 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1935

5 Correspondence Jan.-July 1936

box69

1 Correspondence Aug.-Sept. 15, 1936

1 Correspondence Sept. 16-Dec. 1936

3 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1937

4 Correspondence May 1937

box70

1 Correspondence June-Sept. 1937

2 Correspondence Oct. 1937

3 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 5, 1937

4 Correspondence Dec. 6-31, 1937

5 Correspondence undated 1937

box71

1 McCahey conferences, background data 1937

2 Correspondence 1938

3 Correspondence Jan.-May 14, 1939

box72

1 Correspondence May 15-Sept. 1939

2 Correspondence Oct. 1939

3 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1939

4 Correspondence undated 1939

5 Correspondence undated 1930-39

box73

1 Correspondence Jan.-Feb. 1940

2 Correspondence Mar.-Oct. 1940

3 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1940

4 Correspondence Jan. 1941

5 Correspondence Feb.-May 1941

box74

1 Correspondence June-Dec. 1941

2 Correspondence Jan.-Feb. 1942

3 Correspondence Mar.-May 1942

4 Correspondence June-Dec. 1942

5 Correspondence Jan.-May 1943

box75

1 Correspondence June-Dec. 1943

2 Correspondence Jan.-May 1944

3 Correspondence June-Dec. 1944

4 Correspondence Jan. 1945

5 Correspondence Feb.-may 1945

box76

1 Correspondence June-Dec. 1945

2 Correspondence Jan. 1946

3 Correspondence Feb.-Sept. 1946

4 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1946

box77

1 Correspondence Jan.-Mar. 1947

2 Correspondence Apr.-Aug. 1947

3 Correspondence Sept.-Oct. 1947

4 Correspondence Nov. 1947

box78

1 Correspondence Dec. and undated 1947

2 Correspondence Jan. 1948

3 Correspondence Feb.-June 1948

4 Correspondence July-Dec. 17, 1948

5 Correspondence Dec. 18-31 and undated 1948

box79

1 Correspondence Jan.-Mar. 1949

2 Correspondence Apr.-June 1949

3 Correspondence July-Nov. 1949

4 Correspondence Dec. 1949

5 Correspondence undated 1949

box80

1 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1950

2 Correspondence May-Nov. 1950

3 Correspondence Dec. 1950

4 Correspondence undated 1950

5 Correspondence Jan.-Mar. 1951

box81

1 Correspondence Apr.-May 1951

2 Correspondence Jun-Oct. 1951

3 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1951

4 Correspondence undated 1951

5 Correspondence Jan.-Mar. 1952

box82

1 Correspondence Apr.-May 1952

2 Correspondence June-Oct. 1952

3 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1952

4 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1953

5 Correspondence May-Sept. 1953

box83

1 Correspondence Oct.-Nov. 1953

2 Correspondence Jan.-May 1954 (Dec. missing)

3 Correspondence June-Oct. 1954

4 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1954

box84

1 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1955

2 Correspondence May-Aug. 1955

3 Correspondence Sept.-Oct. 1955

4 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. and undated 1955

box85

1 Correspondence Jan.-Aug. 1956

2 Correspondence Sept.-Dec. 1956

3 Correspondence Jan.-May 1957

4 Correspondence June-Aug. 1957

5 Correspondence Sept.-Dec. 1957

box86

1 Correspondence Jan.-June 1958

2 Correspondence July-Dec. 1958

3 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1959

4 Correspondence May-July 1959

5 Correspondence Aug.-Dec. 1959

box87

1 Correspondence undated 1950-59

2 Correspondence Jan.-July 1960

3 Correspondence Aug.-Oct. 1960

4 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1960

5 Correspondence Jan.-May 1961

box88

1 Correspondence Jun-Sept. 1961

2 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1961

3 Correspondence undated 1961

4 Correspondence 1962

5 Correspondence Jan.-June 1963

6 Correspondence July-Oct. 1963

box89

1 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1963

2 Correspondence Jan.-Mar. 1964

3 Correspondence Apr.-Oct. 1964

4 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 22, 1964

5 Correspondence Dec. 23-31, 1964

6 Correspondence undated 1964

box90

folders:

1 Correspondence Jan.-May 1965

2 Correspondence June-Aug. 1965

3 Correspondence Sept.-Oct. 1965

4 Correspondence Nov.-Dec. 1965

Clipping scrapbook subject entries:

Strike threat, Sept. 14, 1965 (vol. 1)

Federal funds, delay and release (vol. 1)

Crane High school (vol. 2)

Slum Area High School (vol. 2)

Chicago Daily News articles by Lois Wille (vol. 2)

“What’s wrong with American education today?” (vol. 2)

Max Rafferty, Superintendent of Instruction (vol. 2)

box91

1 Correspondence undated 1965

2 Correspondence Jan. 1966

3 Correspondence Feb. 1966

4 Correspondence Mar.-Apr. 13, 1966

5 Correspondence Apr. 14-30, 1966

box92

1 Correspondence May-Sept. 1966

2 Correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1966

3 Correspondence undated 1966

4 Correspondence Jan.-Apr. 1967

5 Correspondence May-July 1967

box93

1 Correspondence Aug.-Dec. 1967

2 Correspondence 1968

3 Correspondence undated

4 Copies of items listed in inventory which relate to women and feminism

ON SHELF:

CTF Scrapbook, primarily newsclippings 1914-1922, 1926-1928

(Received by the Chicago Historical Society from the Chicago Teachers Union)