EASTMAN, ZEBINA

Zebina Eastman papers, 1840-1885, primarily 1870s

Descriptive Inventory for the Collection at Chicago History Museum, Research Center

By Linda J. Evans; rev. by Jennifer Asimakopolis; rev. 2009

Please address questions to:

Chicago History Museum, Research Center

1601 North Clark Street

Chicago, IL 60614-6038

Web-site: http://www.chicagohistory.org/research/

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Title: Zebina Eastman papers, 1840-1885, primarily 1870s

Main entry: Eastman, Zebina, 1815-1883.

Inclusive dates: 1840-1885, primarily 1870s

Size:

3 linear ft. (7 boxes & 5 unboxed volumes)

1 oversize item. (Lincoln certificate, Aug. 24, 1861).

Restriction: Advance appointment with special permission required to consult the original certificate signed by Lincoln.

Provenance statement: Most materials were the gift of Mrs. L. Sherman Aldrich (M1960.0258) and the Union League Club of Chicago (M1979.0073). Apparently Eastman’s son Sidney C. Eastman and James Franklin Aldrich, both of whom were members of the Union League Club, left these materials in storage areas of the Club’s building. Other items were donated by Sidney C. Eastman and by Fred A. Hunt (5528, 5530) and purchased from the Dicke estate (M1975.0019).

Terms governing use: Copyright may be retained by the creators of items, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law, unless otherwise noted.

Please cite this collection as: Zebina Eastman papers (Chicago History Museum) plus a detailed description, date, and box/folder number of a specific item.

This descriptive inventory contains the following sections:

Biographical/Historical note,

Summary description of the collection,

Description of some material related to the collection,

List of online catalog headings about the collection,

Arrangement of the collection,

Detailed description of archival series in the collection,

List of contents of the collection,

List of card catalog headings about the collection.

Biographical/Historical note:

Zebina Eastman was best known as an abolitionist newspaper editor in Illinois although he engaged in several occupations over a long career. He was born in North Amherst, Massachusetts, on Sept. 8, 1815, the descendant of Eastmans who had settled at Salisbury, Mass. in 1640. Orphaned at the age of six, he was reared by a guardian. Eastman learned to set type when he was fourteen years old and completed the preparatory course at Hadley Academy in Massachusetts. In 1834-1835 he edited and published the Vermont Free Press at Fayetteville (Vt.), a venture that within a year absorbed the small amount of money that he had inherited from his family. He then wrote for various periodicals and published "Traditionary Tales of New England."

While still residing in New England, Eastman became acquainted with the reformer Myron Holley, listened to Ichabod Codding lecture against slavery, and grew interested in the reform issues of the era. In 1837, the martyrdom of Elijah P. Lovejoy, the abolitionist editor of the Alton Observer (Alton, Illinois), fixed Eastman’s attention on the abolition of slavery as the most significant of these reforms. In the same year, he emigrated to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he settled for about a year before moving to Illinois in 1839. After spending a brief period in Chicago, he went to work for Samuel H. Davis, the editor of the Peoria Register. Davis soon directed Eastman to Benjamin Lundy, the veteran anti-slavery publisher who had settled in Illinois during 1838, and Eastman moved to Lowell in LaSalle County, Illinois, to assist Lundy in publishing the Genius of Universal Emancipation.

After Lundy died unexpectedly in August 1839, Eastman (with the assistance of Hooper Warren, another veteran anti-slavery editor) began publishing the Genius of Liberty at the same town. The Genius of Liberty became the official publication of both the LaSalle County Anti-Slavery Society and the Illinois State Anti-Slavery Society.

In June 1840, Eastman returned to Vermont to marry Mary Jane Corning of Burlington. He and his wife eventually settled at Lowell (Ill.) although they spent about four months in Chicago while Eastman worked as a printer in order to accumulate savings.

Meanwhile the abolitionist forces within Illinois continued to grow in numbers and in wealth, and by 1842 the movement was strong enough to sustain a larger newspaper with a better printing press. A group of financial backers, mostly Chicagoans, arranged to establish the Western Citizen in Chicago with Eastman as editor. The newspaper was printed weekly, 1842-1853, and circulated chiefly in Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Indiana. It became the official organ of the Illinois Liberty Party and published proceedings, resolutions, and announcements of meetings of anti-slavery societies and Liberty Party organizations on the state and local levels throughout its circulation territory, but chiefly within Illinois.

The motto of the Western Citizen emphasized both political and religious bases for its egalitarianism: "The Supremacy of God and the Equality of man." The newspaper carried these quotes below its title:

We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Declaration of Independence -- "This commandment have we from him, That he who loveth God, love his brother also.

Thus, in addition to political articles, the newspaper carried news about those religious denominations that contained many abolitionists in Illinois and about churches that endorsed abolitionism, primarily Congregational, Presbyterian, and Baptist. Eastman belonged to the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago and in 1953 served as one of the U.S. delegates to the World’s Peace Congress held at Frankfort, Germany.

The press of the Western Citizen also published "The Liberty Tree," a monthly periodical, "The North-Western Liberty Almanac" for 1846 and for 1847, and a pamphlet containing the Black Code of Illinois, which abolitionists believed was so harsh that it made good propaganda for their cause. From late 1845 to January 1846, Eastman published the Daily News, believed to be the first Chicago daily newspaper that was not linked to a weekly edition. He also published the campaign newspaper Free Soil Banner, from April to November 1848, which promoted the merger of the Liberty Party with the Free Soil Party.

The Western Citizen was supported by subscription fees, funds collected by anti-slavery organizations, and other donations, and subsidized by income from job printing done by Eastman and his various partners in the printing firm. James C. McClellan, Jr., of Will County was probably his longest business associate although Hooper Warren also assisted Eastman off and on over the years. For a period, the newspaper was named the Western Citizen and Chicago Weekly Times.

In November 1852, Eastman also became the editor of the Chicago Daily Times, a short-lived newspaper which had had a variety of editors and sponsors before Eastman took over. It had maintained a free-soil editorial policy, and its founders were promoters of the industrial reform movement which advocated giving free land to homesteaders.

The Chicago Daily Times and the Western Citizen closed in 1853. The Western Citizen was succeeded in the same year by the Free West as the main radical anti-slavery newspaper published in Chicago. Eastman continued to play a leading role in the enterprise although new associates served also as editors and financial backers. The Free West sought a somewhat broader constituency than the Western Citizen and covered the activities of the various new coalitions of True Democrats, Free Democrats, Freesoil Whigs, and former Liberty Party supporters. The motto of the Free West was a quotation from the Northwest Ordinance which emphasized the power of the national government over the institution of slavery: "There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory."

This newspaper was unable to make its voice dominant in the new coalitions of the mid-1850's and unable to maintain a separate identity within the massing of political factions into the anti-Nebraska movement (which opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Bill and the territorial policies of the Democratic administration in Washington). These factions eventually coalesced into the Republican Party. In 1855 the Free West closed and transferred its subscription list to the Chicago Tribune. Eastman and most of the other political abolitionists in Illinois supported the Republican Party even though its anti-slavery position fell short of his ideal.

In 1857 (March through August), Eastman edited "Chicago" magazine, a heavily illustrated periodical subtitled, "The West As It Was," which carried literary and historical articles. The publication officially was sponsored by the Chicago Mechanics’ Institute and represented an attempt to revivify that organization by arranging an exchange of publications with similar organizations in other cities. After the publication failed financially, the Mechanics’ Institute became moribund.

Eastman sought other sources of income when his newspapers faltered. During the 1850s he offered to act as a financial agent in the Old Northwest for Eastern investors; he invested in a saw mill and engaged in the Wisconsin lumber trade; and he purchased land in the Chicago area.

In 1860-1861 when Abraham Lincoln won the presidency, Eastman sought a position with the government. Although old abolitionists were a minority of the Republican Party, they seem to have helped Eastman achieve his goal. Congressman Elihu B. Washburne of Galena owed Eastman a special debt. In the early 1850's, when old party loyalties were dissolving, Eastman had supported the candidacy of Washburne, an anti-slavery Whig, over both his Democratic and his abolitionist challengers in the election because--in Eastman's view--the abolitionist candidate had no chance of winning the election anyway.

The position that Eastman secured was particularly appropriate for his abilities and interests. In 1861 President Lincoln appointed him U.S. Consul at Bristol, England. As an experienced publicist, he was well prepared to present the Union cause as the cause of freedom (at the same time he wrote letter after letter to Washington pressing for emancipation of the slaves). Moreover, Eastman had long been interested in free trade and the economic ideals of the liberal reformers in England. Eastman held this appointment until 1869. He also secured the appointment of Elihu Burritt to the consular agency at Birmingham, England. Eastman was a long-time supporter of Burritt's ideals of universal peace.

When Eastman returned to Chicago at the end of the 1860s, he continued to take part in Republican Party activities although he sympathized with the dissident reform element that threatened to withdraw from the regular organization. He also presented lectures and wrote articles on various themes, many related to early Chicago and/or the abolitionist movement.

In 1873 a chance meeting between Eastman and two other former abolitionists set them to planning a reunion. A larger organizing committee was assembled while Eastman handled most of the arrangements. Individual invitations were sent to persons whom they remembered as fellow laborers in the cause, and general invitations were published in the newspapers inviting old participants in the anti-slavery movement. The Anti-Slavery Reunion of June 9, 10, 11, and 12, 1874, held in Chicago, was national in scope although the majority of persons in attendance were Illinoisans. All (or nearly all) of those who attended seem to have been abolitionists rather than people involved in more moderate anti-slavery activities. Afterward Eastman attempted to gather their reminiscences and edit them for publication as a book but could not find a publisher willing to undertake the venture or a sufficient number of patrons to underwrite the costs.

Eastman suffered a heavy loss of property in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and the hard times that followed it. He and his wife resided in Elgin, Illinois, until 1874 and later in Maywood, Illinois, where he died after a short illness on June 14, 1883. They had five children, of whom three died in infancy. At the time of Eastman’s death, their daughter had married Ichabod S. Bartlett of Wyoming. The Eastman's son, Sidney Corning Eastman (1850-1930), became a lawyer involved in reform politics and, for many years, served as a bankruptcy referee of the federal district court in Chicago.

Additional information about Eastman may be found in "A Memorial of Zebina Eastman by His Family" (F38DA/E13), and in two dissertations: "Zebina Eastman, Chicago Abolitionist," by Paula Glasman (Diss. University of Chicago, 1969), and "Abolitionism in the Illinois Churches, 1830-1865," by Linda Evans (Diss. Northwestern University, 1981).

Summary description of the collection:

Incoming letters; account books and volumes listing newspaper subscribers, ca. 1840s-1850s; manuscripts of lectures, articles, and a few letters by Zebina Eastman; and later newsclippings and scrapbooks. Materials primarily relate to his activities as editor of the Illinois Liberty Party newspaper Western Citizen (Chicago, Ill.) and the Genius of Liberty (1840s) and as one of several editors of the Free West (1853), and as an organizer of the national Anti-Slavery Reunion, held in Chicago in 1874. Many 1870s letters reminisce about abolitionists, fugitive slaves, and the evils of slavery. A few items in the collection relate to the international peace movement and Elihu Burritt and a few items relate to Eastman's service as U.S. Consul at Bristol, England, in the 1860s. Topics of later writings by Eastman include the history of Chicago, its first settler Jean Baptiste Pointe de Sable, history of abolitionism in Illinois, and street-railway improvements proposed by Eastman in 1869.

Description of some material related to the collection:

Related materials at Chicago History Museum, Research Center, include scrapbooks by Zebina Eastman and publications cataloged separately; also papers of his son, Sidney Corning Eastman.

Copies of the individual catalog cards for items in this collection are found at the end of the typescript descriptive inventory for the collection in the reading room at Chicago History Museum, Research Center.

List of online catalog headings about the collection

Eastman, Zebina, 1815-1883--Archives.

Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Views on slavery.

Burritt, Elihu, 1810-1879.

Washburne, E. B. (Elihu Benjamin), 1816-1887.

League of Universal Brotherhood.

Liberty Party (Ill.)

Anti-Slavery Reunion (1874 : Chicago, Ill.)

Free west (Chicago, Ill.)

Genius of liberty.

North-Western Baptist.

Western citizen (Chicago, Ill.)

Abolitionists--Illinois--Chicago.

Abolitionists--United States.

Antislavery movements--United States.

Diplomatic and consular service, American--Great Britain.

Newspaper editors--Illinois--Chicago.

Newspaper publishing--Illinois.

Peace--Societies, etc.

Slavery--United States

Street-railroads

Chicago (Ill.)--Social conditions--19th century.

Chicago (Ill.)--History.

United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865

Illinois--Politics and government

Great Britain--Foreign relations--United States.

United States--Foreign relations--Great Britain.

Form/genre:

Account books.

Correspondence.

Essays.

Lectures.

Lists.

Reminiscences.

Added entries:

Burritt, Elihu, 1810-1879.

Eastman, Sidney Corning..

Washburne, E. B. (Elihu Benjamin), 1816-1887.

Liberty Party (Ill.)

Anti-Slavery Reunion (1874 : Chicago, Ill.)

Chicago daily tribune (Chicago, Ill. : 1872)

Free west (Chicago, Ill.)

Genius of liberty.

North-Western Baptist.

Western citizen (Chicago, Ill.)

Great Britain--Bristol.

United States--Illinois--Cook County--Chicago.

Arrangement of the collection:

This collection is divided into 2 series:

Series 1. Papers, 1841-1885 (box 1-2),

Series 2. Volumes, 1842-1880s (box 2-7).

Detailed description of archival series in the collection:

Series 1. Papers, 1841-1885 (box 1-2):

Many of the letters and other writings from the 1870s are reminiscences about the abolitionist movement in Illinois and in other parts of the country during the 1830s and 1840s. The relatively few items in the collection that pre-date the Civil War also contain useful information about abolitionism. Other materials in the collection relate to Eastman’s interest in international peace and the League of Universal Brotherhood promoted by Elihu Burritt in the 1840s and 1850s. A few pieces concern Eastman’s service as U.S. Consul at Bristol, England, from 1861-1869.

Series 2. Volumes, 1842-1880s (box 2-7):

In box 2 are pages from 2 scrapbooks that may have been compiled by Zebina Eastman or by his son Sidney Corning Eastman.

A small volume of letters from 1869 relates to Eastman's attempt to publicize innovations that he had devised for street railroad systems.

Other volumes in this series chiefly relate to Eastman's newspapers. Eastman called the volumes listing subscribers, "mail books." Many volumes were used for multiple purposes, such as serving as a "mail book" in the 1840s and as a scrapbook later. Nearly all subscribers to the Genius of Liberty (published at Lowell, Illinois, 1840-1842) and the Western Citizen (1842-1853) were abolitionists.

The constituency of the Free West (published in Chicago, 1853-1855) was composed of Freesoilers and abolitionists. The North-Western Baptist (probably a periodical rather than a newspaper) was published under the aegis of the Northern Illinois Baptist Association during the early 1840s and followed a varied policy on slavery and abolitionism.

The Liberty Party of Illinois was the official sponsor of the Western Citizen, and v. 15 includes an early list of stockholders who helped support the publication.

Some account books relate primarily to the newspapers and other account books relate to Eastman's partnerships (Eastman & McClellan, primarily for printing services; and Eastman & Kellogg, for the lumber trade) and also provide details on prices in Chicago during the pre-Civil War period.

List of contents of the collection:

Series 1. Papers, 1841-1885 (box 1-2)

Box 1

Folders:

1 Correspondence, lists, etc. 1841-1861

2 Correspondence, lists, speeches, etc. 1862-1868

3 Correspondence, memoirs, lists, etc. 1869-May 10, 1874

4 Correspondence, lists, etc. May 11-June 12, 1874

5 Correspondence, lists, etc. June 13, 1874-undated 1874

6 Correspondence, lists, etc. undated 1874

Box 2

7 Correspondence, lists, etc. undated 1874-1881

8 Correspondence, lists, articles, etc. 1882-1885 and undated

9 Newsclippings, primarily Chicago Tribune of June 9-14, 1874

1 oversize item filed: Abraham Lincoln

Restriction on this item: Advance appointment with special permission required to consult the original certificate signed by Lincoln:

Aug. 24, 1861, certificate appointing Eastman as U.S. Consul at Bristol. Signed by Lincoln and by William H. Seward, Secretary of State.

Series 2. Volumes, 1842-1880s (box 2-7)

Box 2 continued

Folders:

10 Newsclippings photocopied from Sidney C. Eastman scrapbook about parents, abolitionists, church, etc., ca. 1850s-1880s

1 v. Correspondence re street railroads 1869 (1 volume)

1 v. Scrapbook of newsclippings on miscellaneous topics, ca. 1850s-1880s (1 volume)

Box 3

v. 1 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) July 1842-July 1843 (1 volume)

v. 2 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) July 1843-July 1844 (1 volume)

[lacking volume for July 1844-July 1845]

v. 3 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) July 1845-July 1846

(also used as a copybook) (1 volume)

v. 4 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) July 1846-July 1847

(includes Free Soil Banner, Daily News?) (1 volume)

v. 5 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) July 1837-July 1848

(front page used as a scrapbook) (1 volume)

Box 4

v. 6 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) July 1848-July 1849 (1 volume)

v. 7 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) July 1849-July 1850 (1 volume)

v. 8 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) July 1850-July 1851 (1 volume)

v. 9 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) July 1851-July 1852 (1 volume)

v 10 Mail book, Western Citizen (lists subscribers by address) undated out-of-state subscribers;

& list of exchange newspapers rcd. in exchange for copies of Western Citizen (1 volume)

v. 11 Mail book, Free West 1853-1855 (1 volume)

v. 12 Mail book, Free West 1853-1855 continued (later used as a copybook;

includes newsclippings about periodical named the "Western Enterprise") (1 volume)

Box 5

v. 13 1840-1843 Genius of Liberty and Western Citizen account book; minutes Genius of Liberty supporters (1840 Dec. 9); lists of books in Eastman’s library (1 volume)

v. 14 1842-1844 Western Citizen day book (1 volume)

v. 15 1842-1844 Western Citizen ledger (accounts listed by name) & accounts c. 1850;

list of stockholders of the Western Citizen (1 volume)

ON SHELF:

v. 16 1844-1848 Western Citizen cash book (totals cash on hand & paid) (1 volume)

v. 17 1847-1848 Western Citizen job printing-cash book & delinquent accounts (amounts due to Eastman) (1 volume)

Box 6

v. 18 1847-1848 Western Citizen delinquent accounts by address (later used as a copybook) (includes North-Western Baptist mail book & delinquent accounts 1842-1844) (1 volume)

ON SHELF:

v. 19 1848-1851 Eastman & McClellan day book for printing (1 volume)

v. 20 1848-1851 Eastman & McClellan cash book (1 volume)

Box 6 continued

v. 21 1851-1853 Western Citizen cash book plus a few ledger entries (1 volume)

v. 22 1851-1853 Western Citizen ledger (some pages used as a scrapbook) (1 volume)

v. 23 1852-1853 Western Citizen delinquent accounts (1 volume)

Box 7

v. 24 1851-1854 Eastman & Company day book (index on back pages) (1 volume)

v. 25 1851-1853 Eastman & Company cash book (1 volume)

v. 26 1854-1855 Zebina Eastman cash book (for the Free West?) (1 volume)

v. 27 1858 Eastman & Kellogg lumber trade (1 volume)

ON SHELF

v. 28 "The Crown Circuit Companion" (1738) with manuscript draft of Eastman’s essay, "Ramblings in the Valley of the Wye." (1 volume)

List of card catalog headings about the collection:

The following headings were placed in the Archives & Manuscripts card catalog long ago for materials in this collection that were cataloged individually or in separate groups.

Adams, C. E.

Allan, William

American Geographical and Statistical Society.

Amosruck (?)

Andrews, C.

Anonymous.

Arnold, Isaac Newton, 1815-1884.

Babbitt, W. D.

Bailey, Gamaliel, 1807-1859

Bailhache, William Henry, 1826-1905

Bank of Commerce. Chicago.

Barrett, B. F.

Bartlett, Samuel Colcord, 1817-1898

Bascom, Flavel, 1804-1890.

Beach, Charles E.

Beaumont, J.

Beecher, Edward, 1803-1895.

Bentley, Richard

Birge, Luther

Blanchard, Jonathan, 1811-1892.

Boynton, Charles Brandon, 1806-1883.

Brande, S? Y?

Bright, John, 1811-1889.

Bronsen, S. G?

Bross, William, 1813-1890.

Brotherton?, J. L.

Brown, H., Jr.

Brown, John, 1821-1895.

Brown, Mary Anne (Mary Anne Day)

Bryant, William Cullen, 1794-1878.

Burritt, Elihu, 1810-1879.

Carpenter, Philo, 1805-1886.

Chapman, Daniel

Charleton, Robert

Chase, Salmon Portland, 1808-1873.

Child, Erastus

Childs, Shubael Davis, 1799-1870.

Christian, David L., 1824-

Clark, George

Clarke, James Freeman, 1810-1888.

Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903.

Cleveland, Charles Dexter, 1802-1869.

Clinton, S? D.

Cobden, Richard, 1804-1865.

Codding, Ichabod, 1810-1866 (2)

Coffin, Addison

Cohaugher?, Martin M.

Committee for Relief of Fugitives in Canada.

Cossham, Handel

Davidson, Orlando

Derrickson, David

DeWolf, Calvin, 1815-1899

Dix, John Adams, 1798-1879

Dow, Neal, 1804-1897

Durley, Williamson

Dutch, Alfred

Dyer, Charles E.

Dyer, Charles Volney, 1808-1878.

Dyer, E. G.

Eastman, Zebina, 1815-1883

Eastman and Kellogg, Chicago.

Eastman family

Ebersol, A. M.

Edler?, William

Edwards, Richard

Emerson, O?

Fairbanks, Franklin

Farnsworth, John Franklin, 1820-1897

Fee, John G.

Fergus, Robert, 1815-1897

Filer, Thomas

Finley, S. R.

Flagg, W. C.

Foote, C. C.

Foote, H.

Franklin, Benjamin

Freer, Lemuel C. Paine, d. 1892

Fry, Edmund (2)

Fulton, Henry L

Gadsden, Henry A.

Gager, John

Garrison, William Lloyd, 1805-1879

Gillette, F.

Goddard, Sam A.

Goodell, William, 1792-1878

Goodloe, Daniel Reaves, 1814-1902

Green, J? S.

Greenwood, Grace

Gregory, J.

Hagar, I.

Hale, John Parker, 1806-1873 (2)

Hamilton, R.

Hammond, Henry Laurens, d. 1904

Hard, Chester

Harney, G. Julian

Harris, J. M.

Hart, William, Jr.

Hastings, Samuel D., 1816-1903

Haven, James M.

Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893.

Henry, Joseph W.

Herndon, William Henry, 1818-1891 (2)

Herring?, H.

Holbrook, Jonathan T.

Holley, Sallie

Howard, Charles Henry, 1838-1908

Howard, Oliver Otis, 1830-1909

Hubbard, Henry Wright, 1844-1913

Hubbard, William G.

Hudson, E.

Hull, Matthew R.

Hunter, Charles Williams, 1783-1874

Hurlbut, Mrs. Thaddeus Beman

Hutchinson, Asa B.

Illinois. Circuit Court of Cook County

Jenks, Chancellor L., 1833-1903

Johnson, Oliver (2)

Jones, Charlotte Ludlow \ Jones, Kiler K

Jocelyn, Simeon S., 1799-

Julian, George Washington, 1817-1899.

Julian, Isaac

Kellogg, H. H.

Kenyon, Archibald

Kitchel, Harvey D.

Lathrop, William, 1825-1907

Leonard, Manning

Leslie, William

Lewis, Samuel

Lewis, William

Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1864.

Little, Henry G.

Lord, Israel Shipman Pelton, d. 1896.

McBride, D., b. 1801- (2)

Malcoln, Howard

Manley, W. E.

Mason, E. Z.

Mason, H.

Matthews, John

Matthews, Stanley, 1824-1889.

Miltmore, Ira, 1813-1879.

Mix, Juliette A.

Moran, Benjamin

Morse, E. R.

Parton, James, 1822-1891

Payne, J. H.

Pennell, P. S.

Philleo, Prudence (Prudence Crandall), 1803-1889

Pierce, C.

Pinkerton, Allan, 1819-1884.

Preston, Isaac

Rankin, William

Raymond, Benjamin Wright, 1801-1883

Rading, Samuel D.

Reid, Whitelaw, 1837-1912.

Rice, L. L.

Richmond, Thomas

Ridley, C?

Robinson, C. T.

Root, George Frederick, 1820-1895.

Rossiter, Luther

Rounseville, William

Rumery, Moses

Sampson, Guy C., 1804- (3)

Schneider, George, 1823-1905.

Sharpe, H. D.

Shiperd, J. R.

Shuman, Andrew

Smith, Gilead A.

Smith, Gerrit, 1979-1874.

Smith, J. Woodbridge

Snodgrass, J. C., 1814-

Spalding, J. Russell

Spencer, Levi, 1812-1853.

Straight, S.

Sturge, Mrs. Edmund

Sullivan, S. M.

Swisshelm, Jane Grey

Tanner, Henry

Thomas, A. B.

Thompson, George, 1817-

U.S. Agriculture Department.

U.S. Consul, Liverpool, England

Vincent, Samuel

Walker, Amasa

Walker, James Barr, 1805-1887 (2)

Warren, Hooper, 1790-1864.

Washburne, Elihu Benjamin, 1816-1887 (7)

Wateley, Augustus

Wells, M.

Wheeler, John E.

Whipple, E. C.

Whipple, George

Whiting, Jabez, 1790-1878

Whiting, John A.

Willard, Benjamin

Willey, Austin, 1896-1895

Wolcott, Samuel

Woodruff, George H, 1814-1890

Wright, Elizur

The following headings were placed in the Archives & Manuscripts card catalog:

Subjects:

Abolitionists.

Account Books. Chicago. 1858. Lumber Trade.

Account Books. Chicago. 1840-55. Newspapers.

Account Books. Illinois. 1840-41. Newspaper.

Adams, R. E. W.

Advertising.

Africa.

Agriculture. Ohio.

Alabama.

Alton, Illinois.

Ambrose, J.

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

American Colonization Society.

American Home Missionary Society.

American Missionary Association.

American Party. Illinois.

Anderson, George

Animals, Treatment of

Anti-Slavery Reunion, Chicago, 1874.

Authors and Publishers.

Bailey, Gamaliel, 1807-1859

Baltimore, Maryland.

Banks and Banking.

Banks and Banking. Chicago.

Baptists.

Baptists. Chicago.

Baptists. Illinois.

Bartlett, I. S.

Beecher, Lyman, 1755-1863.

Birney, James Gillespie, 1792-1857.

Blanchard, Jonathan, 1811-1892.

Bloomington, Illinois.

Booksellers and Bookselling.

Booksellers and Bookselling. Chicago.

Borden, James Wallace, 1810-

Boston, Massachusetts.

Brown, John, 1800-1859.

Burdett, Gabriel

Burr, James E., 1814-1859

Burritt, Elihu, 1810-1879

Businesses.

California.

Canada.

Carpenter, Philo, 1805-1886.

Cemeteries.

Chapman, James

Chase, Salmon Portland, 1808-1873.

Chicago. Description. 1830s-1840s.

Chicago Historical Society.

Chicago. History. 1839.

Chicago Mechanics’ Institute.

Chicago. North-Western Sanitary Fair, 1865.

Chicago. Schools. Private.

Chicago Theological Seminary, Chicago, IL

Chicago. Schools. Public.

Church, William L.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Civil Service.

Clark, George W., 1812-

Clarkson, Thomas

Clay, C. M.

Clay, Henry, 1777-1852.

Clergy.

Codding, Ichabod, 1810-1866.

Coffin Levi

Colby, Jno

Collins, James H., 1802?-1854

Colver, Nathaniel, 1794-1870.

Congregational Churches.

Congregational Churches in Chicago.

Congregational Churches in Illinois.

Connecticut.

Copperheads.

Corruption (In Politics).

Costume.

Courts. Great Britain.

Cross, John

The Crown Circuit Companion.

Death.

Democratic Party. Illinois.

Derrickson, Richard P

DeWolf, Calvin, 1815-1899.

Dolan, John

Doolittle, E. A.

Downs, A. G.

Drug Trade.

DuSable, Jean Baptiste Point, 1745?-1818.

Dyer, Charles Volney, 1808-1878

Earrett, Russell

Eastman, Benjamin C.

Eastman, Sidney Corning, 1850-1930.

Education. Illinois.

Education of Women.

Eells, Richard

Elgin, Illinois.

Emigration and Immigration.

Europe.

Evangelicalism.

Farnsworth, John Franklin, 1820-1897.

Foster, Lemuel

Free Soil Party. Illinois.

Freedmen’s Bureau.

Freeman, Robert

Freemasons. Antimasonry.

Freer, J. W.

Freer, Lemuel C. Paine, d. 1892.

Friends, Society of.

Friends, Society of. Illinois.

Fulton County, Illinois.

Galesburg, Illinois.

Garrison, William Lloyd, 1805-1879.

Gates, F. A.

Genealogy.

Goodell, William, 1792-1878.

Grayson, Eliza

Great Britain.

Great Lakes.

Great Lakes. Lake Michigan.

Hager, Albert David, 1817-1888.

Hale, John Parker, 1806-1873.

Hale, Thomas

Hall, Robert S.

Hammond, Henry Laurens, 18 -1904.

Hawaiian Island. Description and Travel. 1861.

Hay, John Milton, 1838-1905.

Healy, Benjamin B.

Henry County, Illinois.

Holden, Charles N., d. 1887.

Holley, Myron

Horticulture.

Hough, David L.

Howard, Oliver Otis, 1830-1909.

Hunter, Charles Williams, 1783-1874.

Hunter, Moses

Illinois. Constitution.

Illinois. Constitutional Convention, 1847.

Illinois. History. 1818-1861.

Illinois. Politics and Government.

Illinois State Farmers’ Association.

Indiana.

Iowa.

Irish in Chicago.

Isbell, Lewis

Jacksonville, Illinois.

Jocelyn, Simeon S

Johnson, William

Johnston, Joseph

Joliet, Illinois.

Jones, John, 1817-1879.

Jounalists.

Julian, George Washington, 1817-1899.

Justice, Administration of. Chicago.

Justice, Administration of. Illinois.

Kane County, Illinois

Kansas-Nebraska Bill

Kellogg, S. W.

Kentucky.

King, Tuthill

Kingsbury, E.

Kitchel, Harvey D.

Knox County, Illinois.

Labor and Laboring Classes.

Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio.

LaSalle County, Illinois.

Lawyers. Chicago.

Liberia.

Liberty Party.

Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1864.

Lind, Sylvester

Little, Henry G

Logan, John Alexander, 1826-1886.

Lovejoy, Elijah Parish, 1802-1837.

Lovejoy, Owen, 1811-1864.

Lumber Trade.

Lundy, Benjamin, 1789-1839.

Lunt, Orrington.

Manierre, George, 1817-1863.

Maryland.

Massachusetts.

Mather, Charles.

Mather, H. F.

Mathews, Edward, d. 1873.

McClellan, James C.

Meeker Joseph

Methodist Episcopal Church.

Methodist Episcopal Church in Illinois.

Michigan.

Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont.

Minnesota.

Mission Institute, Theopolis, Illinois.

Missouri.

Mitchell, G. H.

Music.

National Greenback-Labor Party.

Nebraska.

African Americans

Africans Americans. Chicago.

African Americans. Education.

African Americans. Illinois.

Nelson, David

New England.

New Hampshire.

New York (City).

New York (State).

Newspapers.

Newspapers. Chicago.

Newspapers. Chicago. The Advance.

Newspapers. Chicago. Better Covenant.

Newspapers. Chicago. Chicago American.

Newspapers. Chicago. Chicago Evening Journal.

Newspapers. Chicago. Daily Cavalier.

Newspapers. Chicago. Free West.

Newspapers. Chicago. Gem of the Prairie.

Newspapers. Chicago. Herald of the Prairies.

Newspapers. Chicago. Morning Mail.

Newspapers. Chicago. New Covenant.

Newspapers. Chicago. North-Western Baptist.

Newspapers. Chicago. Watchman of the Prairies.

Newspapers. Chicago. Weekly Tribune.

Newspapers. Chicago.Western Citizen.

Newspapers. Illinois.

Newspapers. Illinois. Alton Observer.

Newspapers. Illinois. Alton Telegraph.

Newspapers. Illinois. Edwardsville Spectator.

Newspapers. Illinois. Genius of Liberty.

Newspapers. Michigan.

Newspapers. Michigan. American Freeman.

Newspapers. Michigan. Detroit Daily Democrat.

Newspapers. New York (City). N.Y. Tribune.

Newspapers. Ohio.

Newspapers. Washington, D.C. National Era.

Oats.

Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio

Ogden, William Butler, 1805-1877

Ohio.

Packe, W. O.

Patterson, Robert Wilson, 1814-1894.

Peace Societies.

Peace Societies. Great Britain.

Pennsylvania.

Chicago Magazine.

Periodicals. Chicago. North Western Educator

Periodicals. Chicago.

Periodicals. Chicago. Western (Literary Magazine).

Perkins, Timothy

Pinkerton, Allan, 1819-1884.

Platt and Platt

Poetry.

Presbyterian Church.

Presbyterian Church in Chicago.

Presbyterian Church in Illinois.

Prices, 1874.

Printing. Chicago.

Prisons.

Publishers and Publishing.

Publisher and Publishing. Chicago.

Publishers and Publishing. Illinois.

Putnam County, Illinois.

Quarles, Caroline

Quincy, Illinois.

Railroad Lines.

Railroads.

Railroads. Illinois.

Ray, Charles Henry, 1821-1870.

Reading, Absalom

Real Property. Chicago.

Real Property. Illinois.

Reconstruction.

Reformed Presbyterian Church.

Republican Party.

Republican Party. Illinois.

Rice, L. L.

Richmond, Thomas

Rockford, Illinois.

Rounseville, William

Ryan, E. G.

St. Charles, Illinois.

St. Louis, Missouri.

Scammon, Jonathan Young, 1812-1890.

Scotch in the U.S.

Scoville, Joseph A.

Secret Societies.

Seward, William Henry, 1801-1872.

Shields, James, 1806-1879.

Ships. Rochester.

Skating, Ice.

Slavery in the U.S.

Slavery in the U.S. Illinois.

Slavery in the U.S. Maryland.

Slavery in the U.S. Nebraska.

Slavery in the U.S. Wisconsin.

Smith, Gerrit, 1797-1874.

Social Life and Customs.

Squires, C. H.

Stanton, Henry Brewster, 1805-1887.

Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868.

Stewart, Peter

Still, William, 1821-1902.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 1811-1896.

Stowe, Calvin Ellis, 1802-1887.

Street-Railroads.

Stubbs, W

Sturtevant, Julian Munson, 1805-1886.

Sullivan, S. M.

Sullivan, William M., 1811-186?.

Sunday Legislation.

Talmash, G.

Tappan, Arthur

Tariff

Taylor, William H.

Temple, J. F.

Temperance

Tenney, J

Tourgee, Albion Winegar, 1838-1905.

Turner, Asa, 1799-1885.

Underground Railroad.

Unitarianism

U.S. Commerce.

U. S. History. Civil War.

U.S. History. Civil War. Foreign Public Opinion.

U.S. History. Civil War. Negro Troops.

U.S. History. Revolution.

U.S. Postal Service. Foreign Mail Rates.

Universalist Church in Chicago.

Universities and Colleges.

Van Rensselaer, R. C.

Vermont.

Virginia.

Wade, James

Walker, Doliver

Warner, Seth P.

Warren, Hooper, 1790-1864.

Weld, Theodore Dwight, 1803-1895.

Wentworth, John, 1815-1888.

West, Benjamin, 1738-1820.

West, Mary Allen

Wheaton, College, Wheaton, Illinois.

Wheaton, Illinois.

Whig Party.

Whig Party. Illinois.

Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892.

Wilcox, E. S.

Will County, Illinois.

Williams, R. H.

Wilson, J.

Winchester, Philander

Wisconsin.

Women.

Women. Missionaries.

Women. Suffrage.

Work, Alanson

Work, Henry Clay, 1832-1884.

Yates, Richard, 1818-1873.